Certified Professional Public Buyer (CPPB) Practice Test

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What distinguishes types of modifications in contracts?

Bid modifications and contract modifications
Bilateral and unilateral modifications
Written and verbal modifications
Minor and major modifications

The correct answer is: Bilateral and unilateral modifications

Bilateral and unilateral modifications are distinguished based on the agreement and consent of the parties involved in a contract. In a bilateral modification, both parties agree to changes in the terms of the contract. This typically requires negotiation and mutual consent, meaning that both sides must accept the new terms for the modification to be valid. An example of this could be a situation where both the buyer and the seller agree to extend the delivery timeline due to unforeseen circumstances. In contrast, unilateral modifications occur when only one party changes the terms of the contract without the consent of the other party. This type of modification can occur in situations where one party has the authority to make changes, such as when the terms of the contract allow for certain changes to be made unilaterally, or in cases where adjustments are necessitated by regulations or unforeseen events. Understanding the difference between these types of modifications is crucial in contract management, as it affects the legality and enforceability of the modifications made. Recognizing when a change requires mutual agreement versus when one party can act independently helps maintain compliance with contractual obligations and legal standards.